By Christina Scott

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• Introduction
• Edward Wilmot Blyden and the Beginnings of the Nationalist Movement
• The Development of National Feelings in the 1st Half of the 20th Century
• Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association
• Nnamdi Azikiwe, the Prominent Member of the NYM
• The Second World War had its impact on nationalism
• Herbert Macaulay and the Nigerian National Council
• Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

No one, not even the most far-sighted, ever thought that British rule would last for only sixty years. In the early years of colonial rule, the idea of an independent Nigeria within so short a time would have sounded ridiculous. “The whiteman has come to stay as long as men lived,” boasted an official in 1919.   Nevertheless, nationalism started early, instigated by the need to respond to conquest and new policies. The radical phase came during and after the Second World War, subsequently leading to independence. Although the ultimate goal of nationalism was to secure the country’s independence, it had other interrelated dimensions: the “new Nigeria” would be governed by a Westernized elite, working, through the agency of political parties and Western political ideas, to create a united and developed country. If the British took over power from a traditional elite, nationalism and modernization forced them to hand it over to an educated elite.

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South Africa’s Labor Empire represents a unique colonial order based on racial differences and labor relations. The retention of the market and of private ownership were necessary to secure competition between a plurality of social powers, and so guarantee market stability for the white capitalists. Working class of the South Africa were faced with both racial discrimination and labor exploitation, but kept its unique features and community institutions.

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The investments of developed countries had raised the economies of China, Thailand, Singapore, and some Latin American countries in 1990’s. The high income per capita, industrial and technological revolutions has shifted them from the rank of developing countries to economically developed and industrialized nations with ponderable share in the global market. Nevertheless, some countries still face the problems of low living standards, undeveloped industrial bases and low human development.

The East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe suffer from the lack of foreign investments and domestic stagnation of economics and governance. These countries depend on the UN, the World Bank and other intergovernmental organizations that are responsible for international development. Such institutions have to define clear strategy and plans that will alleviate economic and structural problems; describe educational, environmental and healthcare issues, and prevent long-term crises.
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Iraq and its confrontations with the world is still one of the main international problems faced by global community. After the US interventions in Iraq, there was a great shift in democratization processes and global security. In spite of these changes, global community seems to be little doubt that Iraq carried out research and development on the production of chemical and biological agents, and nuclear weapons.

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